Assessments instead of online discussions and seminar Essay

Assessments instead of online discussions and seminar - Essay Example The purpose of an industry analysis is to assist an industry’s management to create and maintain a competitive advantage that helps a company to prosper in the market. Industry analysis needs to understand the structure of an industry and its attractiveness because it determines the profitability of a business (Hill and Jones, 2010:41). The level of industry profitability is not random but it rather has a systematic influence of the Industry’s structure, which eventually determines the entry and exit barrier. This paper will analyze the industry analysis applied to different industries in European markets (1) - Industry Analysis Analysis of five forces using UK Airline industry as our case study Porter arguers that there are five forces that determines an industry’s competitiveness that may change over time as the industry conditions change. These forces are entry threats, rivalry from existing competitors, threat of substitution, bargaining power of suppliers an d the bargaining power of buyers (Porter, 2008:6). This paper will outline the five forces that the European airline industry put into practice. Competitive rivalry (European airline industry) Competitive rivalry will be the first force to analyze. The purpose of competitive rivalry is to assess the rate of competition within an industry (Porter, 2008:29). Airline industry’s is among the prominent industries globally that exist in an intensive competitive market. In Europe, the top three airlines are Air France, Lufthansa, KLM and British Airways. These airline companies compete against each other for the same customers through prices, technology, in-flight entertainment customer service and other services (Rothkopf, 2009:213). Entrants’ threat New entrants invade the existing market and bring competition and changes in the market environment. The cause of new entrants is the profitability in certain industries, which in turn attracts other businesses who intend to joi n the industry (Porter, 2008:7). European air industry has improved tremendously which has led to attraction to new entrants; however, the cost of entry is becoming higher. The required capital for an airline entering the industry is quite expensive. Competitive substitute The products and services provided in a particular industry usually have the same substitutes elsewhere. This substitute products and services pose a threat because they limit the ability of a firm and their prices (Porter, 2008:25). In our case, the main substitutes that offer other forms of transport are road, rail and marine. The distances between European destinations are relatively small, and people prefer other transport services. More so, the substitute means of transport tend to be cheaper than air transport. Additionally, environmental factors affect air travel because customers tend to see the environmental impacts of air travel as crucial disadvantage. These factors pose threats to the British airways i n the business market. Supplier bargaining power Bargaining power is the ability to influence setting of prices because it assesses the ease of suppliers to hike prices (Porter, 2008:26). Suppliers can influence the profitability of a firm by exerting pressure for both higher and lower prices. The airline industry have little control over the rising fuel prices because there is no alternative source of fuel so far hence leading to the strength of supplier power (Porter,

The associated energy change involved Essay Example for Free

The associated energy change involved Essay For example, by combusting an alcohol with seven carbon atoms in the same apparatus, it would produce 1500 kJ per mole. We can also use the graph to devise a formula so that we can easily calculate the energy released in an alcohol with, say a thousand carbon atoms. The formula for any straight line is y = mx + c [m is the gradient and c is the y-axis intercept]. Therefore the formula would be y = x + 0 [where y is the energy released and x is the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol]. The above will only calculate approximate values as the formula was devised form the graph which can cause inaccuracies. For example, an alcohol with 15 carbon atoms would produce the following amount of energy with this apparatus: y = x = 15 =3214. 29 kJ/mol to 2 d. p. Hence, using the same method, we can devise a formula with the predicted accurate values. It would be: y = 1217x + 910 The above is accurate and will calculate exactly the amount of energy produced. For example, an alcohol with 15 carbon atoms will produce exactly this amount of energy. The two formulas are able to support my explanation that energy transfer is not 100 per cent efficient and that a lot of energy is always lost. GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation into energy changes in the combustion of alcohols Evaluation The procedure of the experiment did not allow us to obtain highly accurate results because a lot of energy was still lost to the environment, though a draft excluder was used, heat was lost through the top of the apparatus. Hence this explains why our actual results are smaller than the predicted ones because energy is lost and so not all of it is taken into account. The procedures qualitative errors were a major problem, hence the large difference between the two results, though they show the same trend. The results are fairly accurate to what was actually measured, they differ with the predicted results due to the main qualitative error which was heat loss. Otherwise they are fairly accurate results to what was actually transferred to the water and the can. Also we did not calculate the heat transferred to the can accurately because we assumed its temperature rise was also 20i C, which is the same as the water. This is wrong because heat is not all transferred to the water and instead to the environment, and hence the temperature of the can is actually higher than 20i C, and also explains why the actual results were smaller than the predicted. We were only measuring temperature with a thermometer to the nearest degree, this is highly inaccurate because any small error made in these measurements are magnified because we are manipulating the results to get what we want, i. e. the energy transferred. Therefore this reduced the accuracy of the results. The anomalous results that were below the line of best fit showed that the energy released was too small, this was because of extra heat loss than expected and was caused by us blowing onto the can or water to cool it and also not fully closing the draught excluder. The anomalous results that were above the line of best fit show that the energy released was too high and was due to uneven stirring of the water and so some areas of the water were hotter than the others. It was also due to the fact that the tip of the flame was too near to the bottom of the can, i. e.height x is too small, and so it was an unfair test and less heat was lost than expected. The procedure was highly inaccurate due to the apparatus used, which caused too much heat to be lost. The apparatus was not in sealed conditions and so a lot of heat was lost to the air around it, between the flame and the can causing convection currents. If the flame was too near the bottom of the can it would mean less heat loss but also incomplete combustion and so the energy transferred would be different than expected and the carbon that forms on the bottom of the can causes inefficient heat transfer. If the flame was too far form the can then there would be a lot of heat loss and so affecting the accuracy of the results. The draught excluder proved to be of limited use as heat rises and so heat was not kept in from above where most heat energy is lost. The measurements were also not accurate enough as the results would have to manipulated. It is for these reasons that the procedure is not suitable enough to enable us to produce highly accurate results of which would be very similar to the predicted. But we must appreciate the fact that there is never a 100 per cent energy conversion and that energy is always lost. An improve procedure, would involve the use of a thermocouple to replace this calorimeter. The thermocouple reduces heat loss greatly as it is able to create a sealed environment and so nearly all the energy released in the combustion of the alcohol is accounted for. The water is also circulated and so is heated evenly. But the calorimeter could be improved by heating the water by a larger temperature, such as 60i C. This means that the inaccuracy of the thermometer would be spread over a larger temperature and so the error factor is smaller. We could also use a digital thermometer instead which measure to 2 decimal places which would be efficient and accurate. We could also heat a larger amount of water for the same reason. The entire apparatus could be put into a sealed environment such as a large jar with vent holes at the bottom and a small hole the top for stirring the water. The oxygen needed for the reaction would be sucked into the jar through the holes at the bottom and so the heat produce would be trapped in the environment and could be measured. A more detailed trend with the results could be obtained by continuing the experiment with alcohols that had larger molecules, i. e. more carbon atoms. Also the experiment would be repeated more than twice to allow us to identify and eliminate the results even further. The evidence is reliable in showing the sort of trend that would be produced. The anomalous results were also very small and still show the trend clearly and so the results are accurate. The difference in the actual result and the predicted results can also be fully accounted for. The actual results are also more realistic in terms of energy transfer as it takes into account the energy loss. The obtained evidence is sufficient to support a firm conclusion that as the molecular size of the alcohol increases so does the amount of energy released. This is because the results show this trend very clearly and are similar to the predicted results. The anomalies are also not far from the line of best fit and so support the trend making them reliable. Even though the actual results differ from those that were predicted, it can be explained by the fact that energy is lost to the environment. Further work for this investigation would include testing to see the rate at which energy is produced; how long it takes for each alcohol to heat the water by a certain amount. My prediction would be that the alcohols with the larger molecules would take less time because they have more bonds and so more energy is released in a certain amount of time, and so it would heat the water faster. Additional evidence for the conclusion could also be obtained by continuing the experiment with more alcohols with more carbons and so allowing us to gain a more detailed trend in the relationship. Also by replacing the calorimeter with a thermocouple would allow us to see a more accurate trend and find other factors apart from heat loss that may cause anomalous results. Steven John 11c Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Moral Disintergration of America Exposed in The Winter of Our Disconten

Moral Disintergration of America Exposed in The Winter of Our Discontent The Winter of Our Discontent The life of Ethan Allen Hawley, which had for so long held to an irrefutable ethical standard, was about to undergo an unexpected and irreversible change. Likewise he was not alone; progress was descending upon all of New Baytown like the jets which swarmed "with increasing regularity" (196) at the nearby Templeton airfield. With them was coming a new breed, more and more focused on material wealth rather than honesty and principle. Ethan’s fourteen-year old son, Allen, was the embodiment of this new morality by which money was God and "morals are paintings on wall and scruples are money in Russia" (from the movie Sabrina, 1995). There was only one goal for this "forward-looking group" (141): money; and as Allen so clearly states, for them "it’s all dough, no matter how you get it" (91). Ethan had always believed there existed certain "unchanging rules" (217) of basic kindness and decency which had always, and should always, govern men. He lived his life simply and honestly, guided by visions of his grandfather and Aunt Deborah who had, from his early youth, instilled in him this strong moral foundation; he was" the kid with the built-in judge" (153). The rules, however, were changing, and changing rapidly. No longer would virtue be the deciding factor when faced with temptation; if one stood to gain from a situation, "who gets hurt? Is it against the law?" (34). Quite the contrary, by the new standards, it would be a crime to act on one’s own behalf. Moral consequences were irrelevant; the only consideration was success, and "success is never bad" (239). Those still cl... ...the end, Ethan’s scheme was a success; the store was his, and the most important piece of property in town now lay under his name. The Hawley name would once again command respect in New Baytown. He had needed only to adopt the new morality for a moment, like a man trying on a different suit . . . The only "trouble with a well-made suit, it lasts too long" (233), a truth Baker knew only too well. Too late, Ethan realized that abandoning his entire code of ethics was not so simple a matter; even if he did return to his old principles, as if he had never strayed from them, his conscience would be forever marred by his indiscretions. Not hat the rest of the world would ever notice. Maybe he’d got a little blood on his fingers, but Ethan had fought the fight; and more importantly, he’d won. "After all, in the end "it’s all dough, no matter how you get it" (91).

Alexander the Great

| Alexander the Great| | | Craig Wilson| 11/12/2012| | Alexander was the son of Philip II of Macedonia. He was born in Pella, Macedonia’s capital city in 356 BC. Alexander was tutored by Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers and smartest men of the time, from when he was 13 until he was 16. He was also leader of the Companions, which was a group Philip II made to protect him from would be assailants (Alexander the Great Biography) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 340 BC Alexander’s father, Philip II, left for Thrace. While he was away, he left Alexander in charge of the kingdom.While Alexander is in charge, a Thracian tribe of Maedi in north-eastern Macedonia started a rebellion. Alexander took swift action. He assembled an army and led them against the rebels. Alexander was easily able to defeat the rebels and capture their city, which he renamed Alexandropolis. At the age of 18, Alexander was given a commanding rank among the senior generals of Macedonia as they in vade Greece (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The battle of Chaeronea, in 338 BC, was the final battle between Athens and the forces of Macedonia.It is a hard vicious battle that proved to be very taxing on both sides. However, the Macedonian forces pull out a very narrow victory and Athens is finally subdued. In celebration, the Macedonians decide to have a Dionysus festival when they return home in 336 BC. While attending this festival, Philip II is approached by an ex-lover with whom he had a child. He had earlier promised that the child would have a high ranking place in his army, but now he refused to acknowledge that the child even belonged to him.Philip II was so conceded that he assumed the woman was approaching him for another night of pleasure, but instead she killed him by slitting his throat. After his father is slain, Alexander takes over as ruler of the Macedonian Empire in 336 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (his toryofmacedonia. org). Immediately after Philip II’s death, the places he conquered began to revolt. Alexander, being the great leader that he is, easily stomps out the rebellions. Alexander then looks to take over Persia, which is at this point led by Darius III.When they reach Persia and begin to fight, Alexander’s troops tear through the Persians and appear almost invincible against them. As he defeats the Persians, he is recruiting the defeated soldiers instead of killing them. This expands his troops and allows him to keeps the numbers of his armies high so he can stay and fight longer (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The soldiers he tries to recruit eagerly accept his offer. The soldiers do this because he offers them pay, and he tells them that they are free to leave whenever they please.Alexander only asks that his troops be able to marry Persian women. Alexander does this in hopes that it will unite the Persian people wi th his (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 331 BC, the Battle of Gaugamela, which is the final battle between Darius III and Alexander the Great, takes place. The Persians are horribly defeated at this battle. Their leader, Darius III, is finally slain, and the Persian’s main city, Persepolis, is sacked and burned to the ground.After the battle, Alexander takes Roxanne of Bactria as his wife, which his men highly disapprove of (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Alexander then moves on to conquer Babylon, and pushes on to the Indus valley. Here Alexander and his troops meet heavy resistance that they have never seen before. War elephants are used against Alexander and his men, and they have no idea how to combat against the huge beasts. So Alexander orders that they retreat and come in a few weeks stronger than before to conquer he Indus valley tribes, but his men disagree. At this point Alexander an d his men have been out conquering for about ten years and his men are ready to return home. So his men organize a mutiny against him, which he easily disbands. Alexander realizes his men’s fatigue and does decide to return home to Macedonia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). On their way home, Alexander decides to throw a party to raise his men’s moral. Even though Alexander’s men advise him against it because they can tell he is sick, he begins to drink heavily.This is a bad idea because he is believed to have had yellow fever at the time. Alexander eventually drinks himself into a coma, but somehow comes out of it and survives two more days with his sickness. He has no heir in line for the throne, so while he is on his death bed his men ask him who will be the next ruler. Alexander just laughs and says, â€Å"Whoever is the Strongest. † Alexander’s death was in the year 322 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Since he left no heir, Alexander’s kingdom was split into three different parts.Egypt is taken by Alexander’s right hand man, Ptolemy. Ptolemy took samples of every new plant he found and became the world’s first botanist. Ptolemy Egypt, even though it was near ruins, turned out to be the most durable of the three. Seleucid Asia is next. It has the best resources out of the three, but is the least stable of the three and a complete failure. The instability is caused by Seleucid trying to force Greek tradition on the Persians, and the Persians are constantly rebelling. The third and final part is the homeland of Alexander the Great, and the most fought over.It was taken by Antigonus, and even though there was still a great deal of instability here, it was to a lesser extent than that of Seleucid Asia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Works Cited Alexander the Great Biography. 1996-20 12. 30 October 2012 . Culverhouse, Mr. C. History Teacher Craig Wilson. October 2012. historyofmacedonia. org. Alexander the Great(Alexander of Macedon) Biography. 2001-2003. 30 October 2012 . Alexander the Great | Alexander the Great| | | Craig Wilson| 11/12/2012| | Alexander was the son of Philip II of Macedonia. He was born in Pella, Macedonia’s capital city in 356 BC. Alexander was tutored by Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers and smartest men of the time, from when he was 13 until he was 16. He was also leader of the Companions, which was a group Philip II made to protect him from would be assailants (Alexander the Great Biography) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 340 BC Alexander’s father, Philip II, left for Thrace. While he was away, he left Alexander in charge of the kingdom.While Alexander is in charge, a Thracian tribe of Maedi in north-eastern Macedonia started a rebellion. Alexander took swift action. He assembled an army and led them against the rebels. Alexander was easily able to defeat the rebels and capture their city, which he renamed Alexandropolis. At the age of 18, Alexander was given a commanding rank among the senior generals of Macedonia as they in vade Greece (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The battle of Chaeronea, in 338 BC, was the final battle between Athens and the forces of Macedonia.It is a hard vicious battle that proved to be very taxing on both sides. However, the Macedonian forces pull out a very narrow victory and Athens is finally subdued. In celebration, the Macedonians decide to have a Dionysus festival when they return home in 336 BC. While attending this festival, Philip II is approached by an ex-lover with whom he had a child. He had earlier promised that the child would have a high ranking place in his army, but now he refused to acknowledge that the child even belonged to him.Philip II was so conceded that he assumed the woman was approaching him for another night of pleasure, but instead she killed him by slitting his throat. After his father is slain, Alexander takes over as ruler of the Macedonian Empire in 336 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (his toryofmacedonia. org). Immediately after Philip II’s death, the places he conquered began to revolt. Alexander, being the great leader that he is, easily stomps out the rebellions. Alexander then looks to take over Persia, which is at this point led by Darius III.When they reach Persia and begin to fight, Alexander’s troops tear through the Persians and appear almost invincible against them. As he defeats the Persians, he is recruiting the defeated soldiers instead of killing them. This expands his troops and allows him to keeps the numbers of his armies high so he can stay and fight longer (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The soldiers he tries to recruit eagerly accept his offer. The soldiers do this because he offers them pay, and he tells them that they are free to leave whenever they please.Alexander only asks that his troops be able to marry Persian women. Alexander does this in hopes that it will unite the Persian people wi th his (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 331 BC, the Battle of Gaugamela, which is the final battle between Darius III and Alexander the Great, takes place. The Persians are horribly defeated at this battle. Their leader, Darius III, is finally slain, and the Persian’s main city, Persepolis, is sacked and burned to the ground.After the battle, Alexander takes Roxanne of Bactria as his wife, which his men highly disapprove of (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Alexander then moves on to conquer Babylon, and pushes on to the Indus valley. Here Alexander and his troops meet heavy resistance that they have never seen before. War elephants are used against Alexander and his men, and they have no idea how to combat against the huge beasts. So Alexander orders that they retreat and come in a few weeks stronger than before to conquer he Indus valley tribes, but his men disagree. At this point Alexander an d his men have been out conquering for about ten years and his men are ready to return home. So his men organize a mutiny against him, which he easily disbands. Alexander realizes his men’s fatigue and does decide to return home to Macedonia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). On their way home, Alexander decides to throw a party to raise his men’s moral. Even though Alexander’s men advise him against it because they can tell he is sick, he begins to drink heavily.This is a bad idea because he is believed to have had yellow fever at the time. Alexander eventually drinks himself into a coma, but somehow comes out of it and survives two more days with his sickness. He has no heir in line for the throne, so while he is on his death bed his men ask him who will be the next ruler. Alexander just laughs and says, â€Å"Whoever is the Strongest. † Alexander’s death was in the year 322 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Since he left no heir, Alexander’s kingdom was split into three different parts.Egypt is taken by Alexander’s right hand man, Ptolemy. Ptolemy took samples of every new plant he found and became the world’s first botanist. Ptolemy Egypt, even though it was near ruins, turned out to be the most durable of the three. Seleucid Asia is next. It has the best resources out of the three, but is the least stable of the three and a complete failure. The instability is caused by Seleucid trying to force Greek tradition on the Persians, and the Persians are constantly rebelling. The third and final part is the homeland of Alexander the Great, and the most fought over.It was taken by Antigonus, and even though there was still a great deal of instability here, it was to a lesser extent than that of Seleucid Asia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Works Cited Alexander the Great Biography. 1996-20 12. 30 October 2012 . Culverhouse, Mr. C. History Teacher Craig Wilson. October 2012. historyofmacedonia. org. Alexander the Great(Alexander of Macedon) Biography. 2001-2003. 30 October 2012 . Alexander the Great | Alexander the Great| | | Craig Wilson| 11/12/2012| | Alexander was the son of Philip II of Macedonia. He was born in Pella, Macedonia’s capital city in 356 BC. Alexander was tutored by Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers and smartest men of the time, from when he was 13 until he was 16. He was also leader of the Companions, which was a group Philip II made to protect him from would be assailants (Alexander the Great Biography) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 340 BC Alexander’s father, Philip II, left for Thrace. While he was away, he left Alexander in charge of the kingdom.While Alexander is in charge, a Thracian tribe of Maedi in north-eastern Macedonia started a rebellion. Alexander took swift action. He assembled an army and led them against the rebels. Alexander was easily able to defeat the rebels and capture their city, which he renamed Alexandropolis. At the age of 18, Alexander was given a commanding rank among the senior generals of Macedonia as they in vade Greece (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The battle of Chaeronea, in 338 BC, was the final battle between Athens and the forces of Macedonia.It is a hard vicious battle that proved to be very taxing on both sides. However, the Macedonian forces pull out a very narrow victory and Athens is finally subdued. In celebration, the Macedonians decide to have a Dionysus festival when they return home in 336 BC. While attending this festival, Philip II is approached by an ex-lover with whom he had a child. He had earlier promised that the child would have a high ranking place in his army, but now he refused to acknowledge that the child even belonged to him.Philip II was so conceded that he assumed the woman was approaching him for another night of pleasure, but instead she killed him by slitting his throat. After his father is slain, Alexander takes over as ruler of the Macedonian Empire in 336 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (his toryofmacedonia. org). Immediately after Philip II’s death, the places he conquered began to revolt. Alexander, being the great leader that he is, easily stomps out the rebellions. Alexander then looks to take over Persia, which is at this point led by Darius III.When they reach Persia and begin to fight, Alexander’s troops tear through the Persians and appear almost invincible against them. As he defeats the Persians, he is recruiting the defeated soldiers instead of killing them. This expands his troops and allows him to keeps the numbers of his armies high so he can stay and fight longer (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). The soldiers he tries to recruit eagerly accept his offer. The soldiers do this because he offers them pay, and he tells them that they are free to leave whenever they please.Alexander only asks that his troops be able to marry Persian women. Alexander does this in hopes that it will unite the Persian people wi th his (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). In 331 BC, the Battle of Gaugamela, which is the final battle between Darius III and Alexander the Great, takes place. The Persians are horribly defeated at this battle. Their leader, Darius III, is finally slain, and the Persian’s main city, Persepolis, is sacked and burned to the ground.After the battle, Alexander takes Roxanne of Bactria as his wife, which his men highly disapprove of (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Alexander then moves on to conquer Babylon, and pushes on to the Indus valley. Here Alexander and his troops meet heavy resistance that they have never seen before. War elephants are used against Alexander and his men, and they have no idea how to combat against the huge beasts. So Alexander orders that they retreat and come in a few weeks stronger than before to conquer he Indus valley tribes, but his men disagree. At this point Alexander an d his men have been out conquering for about ten years and his men are ready to return home. So his men organize a mutiny against him, which he easily disbands. Alexander realizes his men’s fatigue and does decide to return home to Macedonia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). On their way home, Alexander decides to throw a party to raise his men’s moral. Even though Alexander’s men advise him against it because they can tell he is sick, he begins to drink heavily.This is a bad idea because he is believed to have had yellow fever at the time. Alexander eventually drinks himself into a coma, but somehow comes out of it and survives two more days with his sickness. He has no heir in line for the throne, so while he is on his death bed his men ask him who will be the next ruler. Alexander just laughs and says, â€Å"Whoever is the Strongest. † Alexander’s death was in the year 322 BC (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Since he left no heir, Alexander’s kingdom was split into three different parts.Egypt is taken by Alexander’s right hand man, Ptolemy. Ptolemy took samples of every new plant he found and became the world’s first botanist. Ptolemy Egypt, even though it was near ruins, turned out to be the most durable of the three. Seleucid Asia is next. It has the best resources out of the three, but is the least stable of the three and a complete failure. The instability is caused by Seleucid trying to force Greek tradition on the Persians, and the Persians are constantly rebelling. The third and final part is the homeland of Alexander the Great, and the most fought over.It was taken by Antigonus, and even though there was still a great deal of instability here, it was to a lesser extent than that of Seleucid Asia (Alexander the Great Biography) (Culverhouse) (historyofmacedonia. org). Works Cited Alexander the Great Biography. 1996-20 12. 30 October 2012 . Culverhouse, Mr. C. History Teacher Craig Wilson. October 2012. historyofmacedonia. org. Alexander the Great(Alexander of Macedon) Biography. 2001-2003. 30 October 2012 .

Policy of Appeasement: Good or Bad? Essay

After the Great War, Germany and a couple other countries were greatly punished, having to pay reparations and territorial losses. Hitler, soon to be a dictator, wanted to change that. He believed that Germany had been punished too severely and wanted revenge; because he had such a strong government and military, there were many ways of going about stopping him. During the 1930’s, the policy of appeasement was the most effective response to Hitler’s aggression because of many reason but mainly that it keep peace and didn’t start war, the people did not support the war, and because the British needed more time to prepare for war. First of all, one reason why appeasement was the most effective response because for the time being, it kept peace throughout Europe, and after only 20 years of peace from the Great War, people didn’t want another. While Chamberlain was secretly trying to get more time he claims that he is just trying to keep peace but if necessary, he will take action, â€Å"I shall not give up the hope of a peaceful solution†¦yet if it were sure that any nation had made up its mind to dominate the world by its fear of force, I should feel that it must be resisted†¦but war is a fearful thing† (Document 7). This quote signifies that although Chamberlain said he was a man of peace that if he thought it was necessary he would start a war. One problem with appeasement is that some people think that war could have been totally avoided if Hitler had been stood up, â€Å"because the Czech defenses were very strong†¦ and because the German generals, conscious of Germany’s relative weakness at that moment, were actually prepared to attempt to remove Hitler† (Document 9). So if the British had stood up to Hitler and beat him, the war would have been over and Hitler subdued. Furthermore, appeasement was a good policy because even if Chamberlain had wanted war, the Congress didn’t and after just coming out of a pointless war that killed many lives, nobody was willing to do another. British historian Keith Eubank states: â€Å"Neither the people nor the government of (Britain and France) were conditioned to idea of war†¦Hitler had done nothing that any major power considered dangerous enough to warrant a major European war† (Document 10). Another problem with appeasement is that if you are going to have a trust between people over a controversial topic, you can’t do it with a man like Hitler who is known for backstabbing and disloyalty. Trusting Hitler was a risky thing for Chamberlain because while they are resting in peace, Hitler could sneak attack and take an advantage on a very important war. Lastly and most importantly, Chamberlain made the most effective response of Hitler’s aggression because at that time, the British needed more time to update their weapons and prepare for war. They were not at all ready and Germany was acting very aggressive lately so Chamberlain made the right choice of buying the British time so they could win the war. A British foreign secretary describes his meeting with other governments, â€Å"public opinion was strongly opposed to any action against the Germans†¦most people were saying openly that they did not see why the Germans should not occupy the Rhineland†¦taking almost any risk in order to avoid the situation† (Document 12). It was also believed that if Britain had more time, they would win the war, â€Å"time is in our favor†¦it would be better to fight her in say 6 – 12 months’ time, than to accept the present challenge† (Document 13). The most important reason as to why appeasement was a bad thing is because it gave Hitler more land and freedom. When Hitler received Sudeten territory without having to lift a finger causes him to believe Britain and France don’t want to fight a war (which they didn’t) and makes him think he can get away with more things. Hitler sees their peacefulness and takes his aggression into action, â€Å"Germany toady cast off the last shackles fastened upon her by the Treaty of Versailles when Adolf Hitler, as commander-in-chief of the Reich defense forces, sent his new battalions into the Rhineland’s demilitarized zone† (Document 4). Britain used appeasement to buy precious time to prepare and Hitler thought of this as them backing down and took force, which almost won him the war. The whole idea of appeasement was a controversial topic between politicians. It was a good idea because it kept peace throughout Europe, people wouldn’t have agreed to the war aspect anyways, and that it bought British the time they needed to recover for another war. It was a bad policy because it gave Hitler confidence, Hitler may have been overthrown if a little opposition was expressed, and that Hitler couldn’t be trusted. In conclusion, the policy of appeasement was the most effective way to stop Hitler’s aggression.

The Human Genome Project essays

The Human Genome Project essays At the beginning of the project, the Human Genome Project was compared to the Manhattan Project or the mission to put men on the moon. It was considered so broad and so complex that the funding could only come from the government. The Human Genome project is now in the hands of private labs. Those labs have forced the Human Genome Project into a rush to finish first. The Human Genome Project is a task that wishes to document all of the genes (over 100,000 of them) in the human body. From these genes, scientists want to find out specifically what their function is and they want to find out what malfunctions in the genes may trigger diseases such as cancer or heart disease. Scientists began the project about 10 years ago and they hope to finish around 2003 with a rough draft around 2001 instead of the 2005 predication several years ago. The reason for moving up the date is the rapid competition of the private labs. The problem with the competition is that these labs want to patent the genes that they have discovered. It is not as if they want to patent the process to sift flour, they want to patent the flour! Did the guy who first found the gallbladder in a human, patent the gallbladder? No, he did not! No one person should be able to have ownership over some information that every single human being has, nor should he/she be able to make money by selling it. If a lab were to own part of a gene, no independent scientist could use the information if he did not have sufficient funds to buy the information. All future control in anything dealing with genes would go to large research teams at labs. Until recently, most scientists were independent and they contributed to the whole, bringing in different ideas and theories from everyone. If only a few laboratories could control the information in genes, the basis of science as we know it will be gone. When the Human Genome Project gets to a point where every person c...

Assyrian Empire essays

Assyrian Empire essays There are two main reasons why the Neo-Assyrian Empire became so powerful between 934 610 B.C. First, through this era, the power of Assyria was largely dependant on the success of its army (Saggs, 1962). Winer (1961) states that the Assyrian military perfected the art of war. During this time period, some 180 punitive expeditions or campaigns were launched against foreign foes, rebellious vassals or other anti-Assyrian groups (Olmstead, 1923). Second, the Assyrians developed an efficient and effective administrative system with which to maintain, supply and expand their empire. In Assyria, warfare was a way of life (Saggs, 1962) and its government was run as a military state (Winer, 1961). Early wars had been like raids; undertaken to obtain booty, settle disputes over land and water rights, or fought for military notoriety. During the second Assyrian Empire, war became a part of the state policy. The raid was replaced by a detailed and carefully planned scheme of conquest (Sayce, 1899). The Assyrian Empire maintained a powerful standing army, not only to satisfy its imperialistic appetite, but also to safeguard the King against potential rebellious provincial governors. Sayce (1899) writes that nothing was spared to make the army as effective as possible. Army discipline was raised to the highest pitch of perfection, and its weapons and uniforms constantly underwent improvements (Sayce, 1899). Part of the army was composed of mercenaries, while another part was recruited by conscription (Sayce, 1899). Almost every male citizen had to bear arms. Only the essential services of bankers, carpenters, merchants and metal workers could, under special favour of the government expect to be occasionally made exempt from military service (Trueman, 1964). The army was directly commanded by the King, or at times, his commander-in-chief, the Tartannu (Sayce, 1899). The main force of the army consisted of light and ...

How to Make Aspirin From Willow

How to Make Aspirin From Willow Willow bark contains a chemical active ingredient called salicin, which the body converts into salicylic acid (C7H6O3)Â  - a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory agent that is the precursor to aspirin. In the 1920s, chemists learned how to extract salicylic acid from willow bark to reduce pain and fever. Later, the chemical was modified into the present form of aspirin, which is acetylsalicylic acid. While you can prepare acetylsalicylic acid, its also nice to know how to get the plant-derived chemical directly from willow bark. The process is extremely simple: Finding Willow Bark The first step is to correctly identify the tree that produces the compound. Any of a number of species of willow contain salicin. While nearly all species of willow (Salix) contain salicin, some do not contain enough of the compound to use for a medicinal preparation. White willow (Salix alba) and black or pussy willow (Salix nigra) are most often used to obtain the aspirin precursor. Other species, such as crack willow (Salix fragilis), purple willow (Salix purpurea), and weeping willow (Salix babylonica), also may be used. Since some trees are toxic or else do not contain the active compound, its important to correctly identify willow. The bark of the tree has a distinctive appearance. Trees that are one or two years old are most effective. Harvesting bark in the spring results in higher potency than extracting the compound in other growing seasons. One study found salicin levels varied from 0.08% in fall to 12.6% in spring. How to Get Salicin From Willow Bark Cut through both the inner and outer bark of the tree. Most people advise cutting a square into the trunk. Dont cut a ring around the trunk of the tree, as this can damage or kill the plant. Dont take bark from the same tree more than once a year.Pry the bark from the tree.Shred the pink section of the bark and wrap it in a coffee filter. The filter will help keep dirt and debris from getting into your preparation.Boil 1-2 teaspoons of fresh or dried bark per 8 ounces of water for 10-15 minutes.Remove the mixture from heat and allow it to steep for 30 minutes. A typical maximum dose is 3-4 cups per day. Willow bark may also be made into a tincture (1:5 ratio in 30% alcohol) and is available in powdered form containing a standardized quantity of salicin. Comparison To Aspirin Salicin in willow bark is related to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), but it is not chemically identical. Also, there are additional biologically active molecules in willow bark which may have therapeutic effects. Willow contains polyphenols or flavonoids that have anti-inflammatory effects. Willow also contains tannins. Willow acts more slowly as a pain-reliever than aspirin, but its effects last longer. Since it is a salicylate, salicin in willow bark should be avoided by persons with a sensitivity to other salicylates and may carry a similar risk of causing Reye syndrome as aspirin. Willow may not be safe for persons with clotting disorders, kidney disease, or ulcers. It interacts with several medications and should only be used as approved by a healthcare provider. Uses of Willow Bark Willow is used to relieve: headache painmuscle crampsmenstrual painosteoarthritis symptomsfeverback pain References WedMD, Willow Bark (retrieved 07/12/2015)University of Maryland Medical Center, Willow Bark (retrieved 07/12/2015)

Large Corporations managing change,internal change drivers and Research Paper - 1

Large Corporations managing change,internal change drivers and catalysts - Research Paper Example In the organizational context researchers define change as â€Å"necessary way of life in most organizations†1. Again, some other researchers have defined organizational change as â€Å"a relatively enduring alteration of the present state of an organization or its components or interrelationships amongst the component and their differential and integral functions, in totality, in order to attain greater feasibility in the framework of the current and future environment†2. The present study intends to investigate the reasons that compel firms to change, and how companies manage the change process. In this regard, the role of internal change drivers and catalysts is vital. Mills and Mills write in their book Understanding Organizational Change that the operations of a company as well as other organizations are affected by a variety to environmental factors such as leadership change, mergers and acquisitions, downsizing, introduction of new products, industrial disputes, political and legal climate, changing consumer preferences and technology3. Change is the only thing constant in the environment and is taking place every day. However, when we refer to organizational change, we are specifically referring to change that has significant impact how employees think about their organization and the changes they need to make in their work to cope with it. Organizational Change is thus referred to as a change in the core aspect of a company’s operations. It has been determined with the previous discussion that for organizations change is not merely inevitable but to a great extent essential for survival. However this does not automatically imply that people would be readily accepting the change. The truth is that changing an established behavior makes people uncomfortable, and the result is resistance4. Implementing change is a very challenging task. The unfamiliar makes the employees suspicious; it is their natural concern

The Population Variance and Standard Deviation Speech or Presentation

The Population Variance and Standard Deviation - Speech or Presentation Example The standard deviation of the sample was 4.1 million. Find the 95% confidence interval of the true mean. Â  12. It has been reported that 20.4% of incoming freshmen indicate that they will major in business or a related field. A random sample of 400 incoming college freshmen was asked their preference, and 95 replied they were considering business major. Estimate the true proportion of freshmen business majors with 98% confidence. Does your interval contain 20.4? Â  16. A recent study indicated that 29% of the 100 women over age 55 in the study were widows. How large a sample must you take to be 90% confident that the estimate is within 0.05 of the true proportion of women over age 55 who are widows? Â  8. Find the 90% confidence interval for the variance and standard deviation of seniors at Oak Park College if a sample of 24 students has a standard deviation of 2.4 years and the variable is normally distributed. What would be the 95% confidence interval? Â  12. The percentage rates of home ownership for 8 randomly selected states are listed below. Estimate the population variance and standard deviation for the percentage rate of home ownership.

How do You Know You Exist (if You Do) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How do You Know You Exist (if You Do) - Essay Example The idea of existence is therefore one which is complete truth and is not questioned with the skepticism of one not existing. Conviction of Existence The first concept that Descarte’s points out is that one exists only because they believe they exist. He states: â€Å"But I have convinced myself that there is absolutely nothing in the world, no sky, no earth, no mind, no bodies. Does it not follow that I, too, do not exist? No. If I convinced myself of something [or thought anything at all], than I certainly existed† (Descartes, 1984: 16). The main point that Descartes shows is based first on the assumption that the physical does not truly exist. Instead, the things which are seen are from the mind. The existence that one creates is also from the mind and alters according to one’s perception as opposed to true existence. The idea of existence therefore comes from the thought that one exists and is convinced that they are real, as opposed to being a figment of one ’s imagination. This particular concept is further pointed out by Descartes with the belief that one is only able to exist because this is what they perceive. If one no longer believes that they exist, then they are unable to truly create an existence and will believe they are wrong in defining their own ability to live and exist. Even though there is truth that one exists to their own perception, this limits and causes questions relating to existence. If one only exists in the mind, then it causes invalidation that existence also is created externally. There is a perception of a physical reality which one experiences on a daily basis. There is also the experience of relationships to others, beliefs which are created and knowledge that is established while one is in existence. If one did not exist, then there would have to be millions of people that would have to discount events happening at the same time within a physical reality. For instance, if there are hundreds of stude nts at a library and someone comes in shouting, each individual would have to state that this environment and physical reality were not real. The shouting and being in the reality was a perception of existence that one believed in and didn’t happen. However, there is a physical reality, response to the senses and relationships that show that this existence did really happen. This justifies that each individual exists in a physical reality outside of the mind. The perception of how one exists comes from belief; however, there is physical proof as well as thought processes that justify that each individual truly exists. The Instantiation Principle The concept of existence in reality and the physical mind is further questioned with Descarte’s belief in the instantiation principle. In this particular principle, there is the understanding that the individual only exists from the first person point of view. This is based on self – evidence which is created from the be lief that one exists. When one thinks he exists, then he has to exist because his mental state creates this belief system. However, the belief is only to justify existence and doesn’t necessarily create a sense of justification. One is only able to state they exist through personal belief. There is no direct relation to one existing through science, math or self – evidence which is made apparent through different ideologies. The thought then becomes the only existence while all else is only a reflection

Employee Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Employee Development - Research Paper Example Employee development leads to employee motivation and job satisfaction. A growth-oriented workplace culture works on improving small occurrences so that overall growth is guaranteed. Growth relates to each and every employee at the workplace. The development in the quality of existing employees’ skills and the quantity of skilled workers leads to overall organizational growth. The most precious asset that a company may cherish is its employees, and it needs to be seriously concerned with all issues that may dissatisfy, frustrate or depress them. Without happy employees, no strategy is going to work, and no progress will be seen in the long run. Also, employee development programs result in job retention which is necessary to save organizational finances. Opening new opportunities for employees, so that they can develop expertise, makes them stay happy with their jobs. This can be done through training and learning sessions, along with providing such avenues to employees where they can practice new ideas. In this paper, we shall discuss what research suggests about the benefits of employee development, both for the employee and the employer. Discussion Gallie et al. (2010) describe in their research how teamwork can be used as a strategy to enhance employees’ skills and, ultimately, organizational success. They have explained the benefits of teamwork in task discretion, skill development, organizational commitment, discretionary effort, and employee welfare. Talking about employee development, they state that teamwork creates such an environment in which employees can learn new skills and competencies. This is because the employer distributes tasks on multi-functional basis, requiring different people with different skill sets. This system of work organization requires employees to work on a collaborative platform on which they share their ideas, and get motivated by each other’s talents and capabilities. This makes them bring the best out o f their skills to accomplish the tasks assigned to them. Constructive criticism, feedback, and further appreciation motivates them, leading to successful employee development. The researchers found that employees, who were the participants of their research, stated that their jobs required them to learn and help other employees learn new things, when they worked in semi-autonomous or self-managed teams. Ellinger et al. (2008) prove our thesis statement in their research, by stating that employee development strategies, such as training, coaching and empowerment, lead to successful employee development that is beneficial to both the employees and the employers. They conducted their research on 123 logistic service provider firms using multi-survey design methodology, and found that firms which employed employee development programs performed better than those which did not value employee development. They emphasized that service-related training is the most important thing that impro ves employees’ skills. Training, which occurs after orientation, is a process in which employers intend to enhance employees’ performance through teaching them new skills and competencies, with the use of which, they can enhance their performance in their job areas. Training modifies the thinking of employees, and is a never-ending process. It makes employees efficient and

Australian Property Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Australian Property Market - Essay Example However the interest rates have all along been one of the dominating factors in determining the demand and supply position of the residential properties, as the initial investment is heavy in the case of large residential property developments and the gestation period is also long to get back the investments. This paper analyses the impact of interest rates on the demand for residential properties. On an analysis it is found that the residential property market in Australia is getting stronger every year. There are several factors that affect the growth of the property market in any country. It so happens that any factor affecting the residential property market in the major cities will follow course to smaller towns and cities and affect the country as a whole over the period. The prices of residential properties continue to increase during the period 2003 through 2005 in spite of a slight increase in the interest rates of up to 0.5 percent. However this increase caused a slow down in the property market in Sydney and Melbourne for some period, but the boom in the property market continued despite the increase in the interest rate. The demand for the house properties remained strong during the period, due to the fact that the Gross Domestic Product of Australia in general remained stronger showing an enhanced progress of the economy. Similarly the support from the government in the form of certain tax cuts and other measures had improved the household disposable incomes and raised the consumer confidence. This also gave rise to the boom in the property market. Another factor that led to the increase in the demand for the house properties is the change in the general attitude of the people in getting the financial support form families making the purchase of property as a life time dream comes true. But in spite of all these positive factors there was a decline in the demand. Analysts point out various factors responsible for this slowness in the property market. Though not the only reason, increase in the interest rates was cited as one of the factors responsible for the reduction in the demand for the properties. With this background I intend to present this paper reporting in detail the impact of interest rates on the residential property market in Australia. 2.0 Aims and Objectives: This research will mainly center around the impact of the interest costs among other factors on the demand position of the residential properties in the Australian property market. To achieve the main objectives of the research study, the level of the interest rates during the historical period will be analysed and the demand for the residential properties during the corresponding period will be correlated to report the trend of the demand position on the basis of the changes in the

The Development of The American Broadway as Theatre and Culture Research Paper

The Development of The American Broadway as Theatre and Culture - Research Paper Example The American Broadway Musical has enjoyed success since its inception, gradually coming to be recognized as a truly American contribution to theatre. Success is measured in terms of the length of its run on Broadway. In fact â€Å"long runs became the norm for a hit show† (Hischak 2004, 449). Plays such as My Fair Lady 1956, Hello Dolly! 1964, Grease 1972 and Cats 1982 have maintained the record for Broadways longest running musicals (Hanschak 2004, 449). However, Phantom of the Opera enjoyed the longest run of over 8,000 performances between 1987 and 1988 (Hischak 2004, 450). Typically when a Broadway musical enjoys immense success directors are inclined to transfer the production to the big screen. This is obviously an economic incentive in the sense that movie producers anticipate making money from a film version of a successful and popular Broadway production. In return, the Broadway Musical producers are entitled to royalties from the box office returns and in most cases a token advance payment against future royalties (Vogel 2001, 520). However, a successful Broadway musical does not automatically guarantee that the subsequent film version will be equally successful. For instance, The Phantom of the Opera, while immensely successful on Broadway was a relative flop in the cinema. It has been argued that the box office failure may be attributed to the fact that the film version came too late, having gone into film production some twenty years after its first theatrical debut. By that time the momentum and popularity had faded somewhat (Broadway n.d.).à ‚  

Australian Property Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Australian Property Market - Essay Example However the interest rates have all along been one of the dominating factors in determining the demand and supply position of the residential properties, as the initial investment is heavy in the case of large residential property developments and the gestation period is also long to get back the investments. This paper analyses the impact of interest rates on the demand for residential properties. On an analysis it is found that the residential property market in Australia is getting stronger every year. There are several factors that affect the growth of the property market in any country. It so happens that any factor affecting the residential property market in the major cities will follow course to smaller towns and cities and affect the country as a whole over the period. The prices of residential properties continue to increase during the period 2003 through 2005 in spite of a slight increase in the interest rates of up to 0.5 percent. However this increase caused a slow down in the property market in Sydney and Melbourne for some period, but the boom in the property market continued despite the increase in the interest rate. The demand for the house properties remained strong during the period, due to the fact that the Gross Domestic Product of Australia in general remained stronger showing an enhanced progress of the economy. Similarly the support from the government in the form of certain tax cuts and other measures had improved the household disposable incomes and raised the consumer confidence. This also gave rise to the boom in the property market. Another factor that led to the increase in the demand for the house properties is the change in the general attitude of the people in getting the financial support form families making the purchase of property as a life time dream comes true. But in spite of all these positive factors there was a decline in the demand. Analysts point out various factors responsible for this slowness in the property market. Though not the only reason, increase in the interest rates was cited as one of the factors responsible for the reduction in the demand for the properties. With this background I intend to present this paper reporting in detail the impact of interest rates on the residential property market in Australia. 2.0 Aims and Objectives: This research will mainly center around the impact of the interest costs among other factors on the demand position of the residential properties in the Australian property market. To achieve the main objectives of the research study, the level of the interest rates during the historical period will be analysed and the demand for the residential properties during the corresponding period will be correlated to report the trend of the demand position on the basis of the changes in the

Starting your Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Starting your Marketing Plan - Essay Example A syndicated mall is a convenient location to attract people who will walk past the mall. Segment location of Zsamar’s Barber Salon will spreads around ten miles within the radius of the mall. The location of the salon will harbor a target population of 4500 people. The location of Zsamar’s Barber Salon will consider various demographic, behavioral, and geographical factors. The business will serve their target market from a centrally located region. Geographically, Zsamar’s Barber Salon immediate city is New York and the communities that will surround the business consist of 100,300 people. Demographically, the business will serve adult women, teens, young women, and children. Consequently, 3-12 years will comprise 0.1% of the target market, 13-19 years will comprise 14% of the target population, 20-30 years will comprise 26%, while 30 years and above will comprise 56% of the target population. Based on the business’ distribution, the services and product s of Zsamar’s Barber Salon will be dispensed from the central

Electromagnetic Propulsion Technology Essay Example for Free

Electromagnetic Propulsion Technology Essay Electromagnetic Propulsion Technology is based on the concepts and applications of electromagnets to enable propelling of an object. This is perhaps the most researched and worked on areas of electric propulsion with greatest possible application in public transport as well as advanced aerospace propulsion systems. For public transport, it’s been a magnetic levitation technology which is also known as Maglev that has transformed the vary way of public transport. Electromagnetic Propulsion Technology based Magnetic levitation transport is a form of transportation that relies on electromagnetic force for suspension, guidance and propelling. This technology when applied for mass transit system can enable transportation at 500 to 600 km/h (Bonsar, p1; Jahn Choueiri, p134) . As a concept, magnetic levitation train was developed by a German Scientist Hermann Kemper and on Aug. 14, 1934, the patent was granted. But it was in Britain, world’s first magnetic levitation service was introduced as a link between two terminals at Birmingham airport. The distance was of 400 meters with top speed at around 10-mph. In Germany, the TRANSAPID project connects Berlin and Hamburg. The train will move with a speed of 292 kph and would cover the distance of 292 km in flat 60 minutes. In Japan, the advancements have led to the feasibility of moving trains at a speed of 500 kph and on a 7-km test track began in Miyazaki Prefecture, the manned two-car vehicle has been tested and found to register a speed of 400.8 kph in 1987 and a maximum speed of 531 kph in a manned vehicle run on December 12. Again in 1999, the train attained a maximum speed of 552 kph in a manned vehicle run (Maglev, p8). Maglev follows the system levitation based vehicular movement on the guide way while using electromagnetic forces between super conducting magnets on the vehicle and coils on the ground. This enables the train to move or float about 10 mm above the guide way on a magnetic field. The train as whole is propelled by the guide way and hence there is no on board engine to pull the train. The whole pulling is enabled through the switching of magnetism. Its basic principle could be understood with the help of magnets. As it is widely known that in case of magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel. This principle of attraction and repulsion actually forms the basics behind electromagnetic propulsion based Maglev technology. Electromagnets are used in the above mentioned technology and temporary magnetic pull is created and objects are attraction through a small magnetic field. The three vital components to this system are: A large electrical power source Metal coils lining a guideway or track Large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train  ­In the above mentioned list of components, one can figure out that the train doesn’t need any engine and hence this is the most important difference between the maglev trains and other conventional trains. The train as a whole is not pulled in a particular direction rather they are propelled and guided in the magnetic field created by electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track (Bonsor, p2). Conclusion: As it has been already mentioned, Maglev is the short for magnetic levitation according to which floating and guiding of trains is enabled as per the principles of magnets. Maglev has its own set of advantages as well as disadvantages. The primary advantage of a maglev train is that of maintenance. As the train floats along and there is no contact with the ground and also there are no moving parts, the possibilities of any wear and tear get reduced. The trains as well the track would rarely need any maintenance and hence the higher cost of installation gets compensated in long run. Apart from this, the other important advantage is the total reduction of friction and noise which actually translates into high speed and extremely fast mode of transportation (Maglev, p 28). Now comes the disadvantages; Maglev guide paths are more costly than any conventional railways system when installation comes into picture. This disadvantage gets amplified with the fact that Maglev system requires a complete new set of infrastructure. The railways infrastructure available for usage is of no use for implementing Maglev and hence a totally new set of system would be implemented. The conventional system would lose its utility and couldn’t have a mutual existence with maglev (Maglev, p 28). Hence, after a very careful and thorough research, the final verdict is that the Principle of Magnetic Levitation when applied for mass transit would transform the way people move in the future and might provide an able substitute of all expensive air transport. Reference: Bonsor, K. â€Å"How Maglev Trains Work†. 2008 http://science.howstuffworks.com/maglev-train.htm Jahn, R. G. â€Å"Ã’Physics of Electric Propulsion,Ó† McGraw-Hill, New York. 1968 Magnetically Levitated Trains (Maglev) http://www.123eng.com/seminar/Magnetically%20Levitated%20Trains%20(Maglev).pdf Jahn, Robert G. Choueiri, Edgar Y. â€Å"Electric Propulsion† Encyclopedia of Physical Science    and Technology, Third Edition, Volume 5 2002

Architecture as a Strategy for Crime Control

Architecture as a Strategy for Crime Control Urban Densification: Is it really the solution for sustainable cities? Architecture: The Tool for Crime Control Figure 1. The design of buildings and the arrangement of streets, public spaces and green areas might reduce crime rates The Parque Explora, Medellin, Colombia (American Society of Landscape Architects 2014). The worldwide concern about population growth and rapid urbanisation in many cities around the world has brought with it many social problems affecting sustainability and quality of life. Among the most serious social problems are crime and segregation. There is no doubt that crime and segregation are influenced by a multiplicity of factors such as economic, social, and governmental as well as physical elements (Marzbali et al. 2011). This disorderly expansion and informal settlements are generating empty spaces in the cities, creating a rupture in the urban fabric. Physical elements such as Rivers, railways, freeways even buildings are contributing to this rupture creating Social-Urban Barriers in cities. Katyal (2002) states that Governments need to pay special attention to the built environment towards the reduction of crime and social segregation. The design of buildings and the arrangement of streets, public spaces and green areas can affect the opportunity of crime (Soomeren 2008). The prevention of crime through environmental design or through urban planning and architectural design accompanied by communitys participation has proven to be a useful, effective, and feasible strategy to prevent crime and the sense of insecurity in cities (Marzbali et al. 2011). Countries throughout the world, such as Basil, Colombia, Australia, Japan, and Great Britain have used architectural design techniques to prevent crime. For example, the 2000 Sydney Olympics games, cleverly employed architecture to reduce crime by linking the new facilities with the existing neighbourhood (footpaths and streets), increasing street lighting in footpaths, modifying landscapes and creating visibility around sta diums (Katyal 2002). Therefore, this helped to increase profits, reduce incidents, and improvement on accessibility and enjoyment of the events. Figure 2. Sydney Olympic Park Railway Station Architects cleverly modified landscapes and created visibility around facilities   (Skyscraperscity.com 2006). A large number of experiments have shown that the number of certain types of crime can be reduced by modifying the opportunity to commit a crime in the built environment without having to move the place where the crime takes place (Marzbali et al. 2011). One of the most well-known and used methodologies for crime prevention around the world is the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED). The CPTED approach starts from the premise that, in certain spaces, crimes are the result of the opportunities offered by the same physical environment (The State of Queensland 2007). This provides the basis for proposing that in order to reduce the likelihood of crimes, it is necessary to alter the physical environment. The strategies employed in this approach are (1) passive or natural surveillance; (2) natural access control; (3) territorial reinforcement and (4) maintenance (Katyal 2002). In addition, Katyal (2002) explains that the design should create opportunities for natural sur veillance by residents, neighbours and visitors and instil a sense of territoriality so that residents to develop proprietary attitudes and outsiders feel deterred from entering a private space. So, the goal is to build communities and avoid social segregation. A good example of the prevention of crime through environmental design or through urban planning and architecture has been taken place in Medellà ­n, Colombia, the former The worlds most violent city, which, by providing quality public transport to marginalized areas (Metrocable), improvement of public space, creation of library parks (active all day), accompanied by other policies to promote vitality in the community   (such as the creation of businesses), gave rise to the recovery of a marginal neighbourhood and the reduction of crime (Medina 2014). Figure 3. As part of an extensive urban integration project in a huge informal settlement in Medellà ­n, Colombia, the recently-constructed system of escalators with public squares and balconies addresses serious problems regarding connectivity, security and coexist (Jordana 2013). Undoubtedly interventions of the built environment allow preventing crime by fostering life on the streets and building communities, as well as improving social sustainability in cities. Architects, Urban Planners and others design professionals should take into consideration the surrounding environment in order to reduce crime rates. This intervention also requires among others, a properly functioning police force and criminal justice systems along with a model of economic development that creates viable opportunities to escape poverty and reduce social inequality. References Jordana, Sebastian. 2013. Awards Competition Boosts Momentum of Sustainable Construction. http://www.archdaily.com/436890/awards-competition-boosts-momentum-of-sustainable-construction, accessed 27-03-2017. Katyal, Neal Kumar 2002. Architecture as Crime Control.   The Yale Law Journal 111 (1039):1039-1139. Marzbali, Massoomeh Hedayati, Aldrin Abdullah, Nordin Abd Razak, and Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki. 2011. A Review of the Effectiveness of Crime Prevention by Design Approaches towards Sustainable Development.   Journal of Sustainable Development 4 (1). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v4n1p160 Medina, Salvador. 2014. La ciudad como estrategia preventiva contra el crimen [The city as a preventive strategy against crime.]. http://labrujula.nexos.com.mx/?p=115, accessed 23-03-2017. Skyscraperscity.com. 2006. Sydney Olimpic Park. http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=460665, accessed 27-03-2017. Soomeren, Paul Van. 2008. Prevencià ³n de la delincuencia mediante el diseà ±o ambiental y mediante el espacio urbano y arquitectà ³nico [Prevention of crime through environmental design and urban and architectural space].   Fundacià ³n Democracia y Gobierno Local y Diputacià ³ de Barcelona:273-306. The State of Queensland. 2007. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design.   Guidelines for Queensland 1. Jordana, Sebastian. 2013. Awards Competition Boosts Momentum of Sustainable Construction. http://www.archdaily.com/436890/awards-competition-boosts-momentum-of-sustainable-construction, accessed 27-03-2017. Katyal, Neal Kumar 2002. Architecture as Crime Control.   The Yale Law Journal 111 (1039):1039-1139. Marzbali, Massoomeh Hedayati, Aldrin Abdullah, Nordin Abd Razak, and Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki. 2011. A Review of the Effectiveness of Crime Prevention by Design Approaches towards Sustainable Development.   Journal of Sustainable Development 4 (1). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v4n1p160 Medina, Salvador. 2014. La ciudad como estrategia preventiva contra el crimen [The city as a preventive strategy against crime.]. http://labrujula.nexos.com.mx/?p=115, accessed 23-03-2017. Soomeren, Paul Van. 2008. Prevencià ³n de la delincuencia mediante el diseà ±o ambiental y mediante el espacio urbano y arquitectà ³nico [Prevention of crime through environmental design and urban and architectural space].   Fundacià ³n Democracia y Gobierno Local y Diputacià ³ de Barcelona:273-306. The State of Queensland. 2007. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design.   Guidelines for Queensland 1. American Society of Landscape Architects. 2014. Medellins Social Innovation. https://dirt.asla.org/2014/04/10/medellins-amazing-transformation/, accessed 27-03-2017. Jordana, Sebastian. 2013. Awards Competition Boosts Momentum of Sustainable Construction. http://www.archdaily.com/436890/awards-competition-boosts-momentum-of-sustainable-construction, accessed 27-03-2017. Katyal, Neal Kumar 2002. Architecture as Crime Control.   The Yale Law Journal 111 (1039):1039-1139. Marzbali, Massoomeh Hedayati, Aldrin Abdullah, Nordin Abd Razak, and Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki. 2011. A Review of the Effectiveness of Crime Prevention by Design Approaches towards Sustainable Development.   Journal of Sustainable Development 4 (1). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v4n1p160 Medina, Salvador. 2014. La ciudad como estrategia preventiva contra el crimen [The city as a preventive strategy against crime.]. http://labrujula.nexos.com.mx/?p=115, accessed 23-03-2017. Soomeren, Paul Van. 2008. Prevencià ³n de la delincuencia mediante el diseà ±o ambiental y mediante el espacio urbano y arquitectà ³nico [Prevention of crime through environmental design and urban and architectural space].   Fundacià ³n Democracia y Gobierno Local y Diputacià ³ de Barcelona:273-306. The State of Queensland. 2007. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design.   Guidelines for Queensland 1. Katyal, Neal Kumar 2002. Architecture as Crime Control.   The Yale Law Journal 111 (1039):1039-1139. Marzbali, Massoomeh Hedayati, Aldrin Abdullah, Nordin Abd Razak, and Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki. 2011. A Review of the Effectiveness of Crime Prevention by Design Approaches towards Sustainable Development.   Journal of Sustainable Development 4 (1). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v4n1p160 Medina, Salvador. 2014. La ciudad como estrategia preventiva contra el crimen [The city as a preventive strategy against crime.]. http://labrujula.nexos.com.mx/?p=115, accessed 23-03-2017. Netherlands Architecture Institute. 2013. Parque Explora. http://en.nai.nl/platform/innovation_agenda/item/_pid/kolom2-1/_rp_kolom2-1_elementId/1_1042577, accessed 27-03-2017. Soomeren, Paul Van. 2008. Prevencià ³n de la delincuencia mediante el diseà ±o ambiental y mediante el espacio urbano y arquitectà ³nico [Prevention of crime through environmental design and urban and architectural space].   Fundacià ³n Democracia y Gobierno Local y Diputacià ³ de Barcelona:273-306. The State of Queensland. 2007. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design.   Guidelines for Queensland 1. Katyal, Neal Kumar 2002. Architecture as Crime Control.   The Yale Law Journal 111 (1039):1039-1139. Marzbali, Massoomeh Hedayati, Aldrin Abdullah, Nordin Abd Razak, and Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki. 2011. A Review of the Effectiveness of Crime Prevention by Design Approaches towards Sustainable Development.   Journal of Sustainable Development 4 (1). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v4n1p160 Medina, Salvador. 2014. La ciudad como estrategia preventiva contra el crimen [The city as a preventive strategy against crime.]. http://labrujula.nexos.com.mx/?p=115, accessed 23-03-2017. Soomeren, Paul Van. 2008. Prevencià ³n de la delincuencia mediante el diseà ±o ambiental y mediante el espacio urbano y arquitectà ³nico [Prevention of crime through environmental design and urban and architectural space].   Fundacià ³n Democracia y Gobierno Local y Diputacià ³ de Barcelona:273-306. The State of Queensland. 2007. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design.   Guidelines for Queensland 1.

Creation, Flood and the Hero in Epic of Gilgamesh and Book of Genesis o

Creation, Flood and the Hero in Gilgamesh and the Bible    The Epic of Gilgamesh compares to the Bible in many different ways. The epic has a different perspective than the Bible does. This paper is a contrast and comparison between the two books. The three main points of this paper will be the Creation, Flood and the Hero.    The way these two books start out is creation. This is the first similarity that we can state. God created man out of the earth, â€Å"In the beginning God created the Heaven and the Earth†. In the epic, Auru, the goddess o... ...s that are hard to decipher, but most was understandable. The Epic of Gilgamesh was hard to get started on, but was easily finished. Bibliography Bibliography The Holy Bible. KJV. Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville. 1984. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Penguin Books, London. 1972.

Edward Marshall Boehm Essay

Edward Marshall Boehm is a company that is all about delivering quality while focusing on Nature. This report will include the vision, mission, SWOT, internal and external environments, and a strategic decision from my team in specific detail. Edward Marshall Boehm had a vision that was different from other businesses. Their vision was, â€Å"To capture that special moment and setting which conveys the character, charm, and loveliness of a bird or animal in its natural habitat†. This vision was set in order to attract a specific demographic and that was people who enjoy and embrace nature. Edward Marshall Boehm had a mission that was very similar to its vision. The mission was, â€Å"Make the world aware and protective of endangered wildlife by making them aware of nature’s charm†. I got a quote directly from the company when I called and someone who was very close to Mr. Boehm told me that, â€Å"Mr. Boehm wanted to achieve the bigger picture and that was sending his Vision and Mission around to everybody so that people would understand why he does what he does. You can only tell this to your class but Mr. Boehm would sometimes write personal letters to buyers with both the Vision and Mission written on there. He felt that personally writing that would make customers value their product more and value him more† (Richard Bassel). As we focused in on the external environments of Edward Marshall Boehm, we found many opportunities and risks. One factor surround Boehm Inc. is the market they compete in. Their market is not a very large market. Focusing in on adapting other markets could be very useful to the company and help them grow. One suggestion we have is to adapt into a European environment. By doing so, Boehm Inc. can broaden their line of products and adapt a market that is extremely large. Having knowledge about your external environments is crucial in business. While looking at retailers that have Boehm’s products I was shocked. There are little to no stores in the states with the most endangered species and nature. There is one store in California, which is the state with the most endangered species. No stores in Colorado, Oregon, Montana, and Alaska. Those states, to me, are arguable some of the most beautiful states when it comes to wildlife and nature. We suggest that Boehm Inc. finds stores that can sell his merchandise in these states. This will make his business grow and most important have more people aware of Boehm’s vision and mission. When we take a look at Boehm’s internal environment we start at the hard working employees, management, and structure/leadership of the organization. The management of Boehm Inc. is the backbone of the internal environment. One problem we found with Boehm Inc. was the leadership quality. Boehm specifically says, â€Å"We want to further the position the company for the long run†. Going along with Boehm’s vision and mission, if his company wanted to plan for the future, what happens when Mr. Boehm passes on? Boehm passed away in 1969. They still sell his products today but are they selling his products with another vision and mission? If Boehm was so focused on people recognizing his vision and mission, why didn’t he think to have other sculptors come in so that when the time comes they can continue to make products based on his vision? This is a question that cannot be answered but clearly there was a lack of leadership. Boehm used his external environment to make his internal environment better. EX. Boehm found that customers liked his dogs and horses but wanted his birds, so he started creating more exotic and large bird pieces. As you can see from the diagram above, there are several types of values that when put together determine many different things. Control values are focused on productivity, which lies with management. Ethical values are all about teams and teamwork, which goes with the structure of the company. Development values is all about planning and research which also lies with management. The relation between the internal environment and the external environment has a significant meaning to the overall productivity of the company. All of these values combined help in making decisions and completing long and short-term goals and objectives. Boehm Inc. has many strengths. The management is a very close related group. They are progressively growing the company looking for more opportunities. The quality of Boehm’s pieces is what pulls them apart from any other company. They are one of a kind pieces. This draws people to want them more and they have a collectors feeling on them. The weaknesses of Boehm Inc. slightly outweigh their strengths. The process of creating their products takes a very long time, which is not what companies usually want. The leadership of the company seems to be lost in a sense. Nobody is taking charge and setting up the company for future success. Since they don’t use technology and it is an old fashioned, a possible competition threat is at risk. Another interesting topic about Boehm is forecasting. The company can’t really forecast their sales because some items may be in demand while others aren’t. Since the process takes a while it puts them in an awkward position. There are many opportunities for the company. Updating their online store is a start that could make significant progress. New markets are another large opportunity. The company can grow if they decide to search into another market. With the speed of their process being so slow, they might want to look to speed it up some way. This will require significant research and knowledge about a specific plan or plans. Threats for Boehm Inc. are not major but still are nothing to look past. New artists could threaten the company because they could make cheaper products that almost look like â€Å"knock-offs†. These would severely damage the company. Substitute materials are another topic that could really hurt Boehm’s company. Instead of high-grade porcelain, other companies could look to use lower grade material but still produce beautiful products. After completing our SWOT analysis, our team has come up with some options for Boehm to explore. Boehm has a very functional online store. We think that because technology is so important now, Boehm could use the online site for something more than just selling. Boehm’s Vision and Mission, because they were so important should be expressed on the site. By giving a brief description of the animals and nature around them, people can understand the importance of the animal itself and the work that Boehm has done. Secondly Boehm should start immediately to find more artists that can continue creating pieces like Edward Marshall Boehm did. Not any artist is capable of doing such tasks. These artists must be well known and appreciate the charm of nature and the loveliness of animals. Another suggestion is for Boehm to find more stores to sell his pieces. These stores should be located in the states we mentioned before (Alaska, California, Oregon, Montana, Colorado). Lastly, we think that Mr. Boehm’s company should open a new line of products, Jewelry. Jewelry is always in high demand. By creating a Jewelry line, Boehm Inc. can bring in new customers and another smaller price range of products. By doing so, Boehm’s vision and mission can be carried out in places that have some of the most well known nature and animals around. Boehm should not lose out on their biggest opportunity, to expand into new markets. Through all of our research and our SWOT analysis, we have come to a specific recommendation. Edward Marshall Boehm should update their online store, so that people have a better understanding of the nature and beauty within the piece. The company should also sell to more states. Especially states that have a large nature aspect to them. Boehm Inc. should also consider looking for new artists with the passion of nature and animals. If they do that, they can continue to grow their product line while bringing in possible new ideas. Another suggestion we have is to consider possible endorsement. Endorsement can bring a lot of awareness to the company. Mr. Boehm wants people to realize the beauty of nature and animals and what better way to do so then endorsement. By doing these things, Edward Marshall Boehm Inc. should be able to continue growing their business while still focusing on Mr. Boehm’s vision and mission which is to appreciate nature and the charm animals and life brin g to it.

Globalisation Creates More Opportunities for Uk Businesses Essay

Globalization is the growing trend towards worldwide markets in products, capital and labor, unrestricted by barriers. Globalization is not a new process but it has accelerated in recent years with the rapid growth of multinational companies and with the expansion of free trade with fewer quotas on imports. There are many key features of globalization, which has made an impact on business strategies such as; increased international trade, freer movement of workers between countries and finally the growth of multinational businesses in all countries. These create both potential opportunities but also limitations to businesses. In this essay I will discuss both sides. The expansion of national businesses has helped to raise productivity and efficiency in the UK economy. This provides a solid foundation and sustaining a comparative advantage in the areas where the UK still has some world class manufacturing businesses. Inward investment allows for the application of better manufacturing techniques, this could include Just-in-time supply strategies, which also speeds up the process of applying new technologies and spreading information. Honda use this system of JIT in the UK market, by doing this is creates more competitors within the business because you always order the right amount, which will keep your inventories low which therefore, means your costs will be lower. By Honda having this advantage it allows them to invest there saved money elsewhere in the business. Globalization creates threats for UK businesses because it has intensified the competition with in other businesses. Due to the rising import penetration and also the switch of manufacturing to find a lower-cost production centres in Eastern Europe and South Asia, this has caused a fall in output and therefore thousands of jobs are lost in the UK each year. By this happening it leads a rise in unemployment, which ultimately lead to worsening in the regional economic divide. An example of this is Dyson, they moved from a small village called Malmemsbery in the county of Wiltshire to South East Asia, by doing this is made 800 employees redundant and this has a massive effect on the local community. Globalization creates more opportunities than threats for UK business; due the current movement of globalization the terms of trade have moved into the UK favor. For example, the UK economy is moving further and further towards the high production, sale of high value manufacturing and high knowledge services which tend to command in global markets a price higher than the cost of importing cheaper manufactured goods e.g. the UK exports of high quality luxury cars such as Bentley and Rolls Royce which seem to command the market around the world the nit comes to luxury cars. Due to the manufactures high expertise it is very difficult for other car companies who want to enter the market such as Ford or Toyota as they do not have such as expertise in their business. This switch towards more expensive products as the main source of exports provides the UK with better living standards and most importantly the opportunity cost of exporting has moved in to the UK favor. Another threat in which globalization has caused is the threats to the UK service industries. O2 outsourced there call centers out to India as it has lower labor costs. This links back to my last point of making people redundant due to the outsourcing of a business abroad. Another negative claim is that O2 customers, the British public prefer to have English accents and easier to pronounce names this is not xenophobia on behalf of the British public but instead an ease of transaction as many customers report unsatisfactory calls. This also puts pressure on the businesses as they are taking a risk of moving abroad but also it may cause the business to drive down real pay levels in the UK serve sectors in order to compete more effectively. Over the last 12 years the UK has enjoyed a period of sustained economic growth, rising employment and improving living standards. The UK growth has been on a trend rate of 2.5% per annum, which is the one of the longest growth phases for nearly 100 years. This healthy trend is due to the rising levels of trade and investment spurred on by international competition. Finally a threat in which globalization can cause is the fear of the effect globalization will cause to the environment. The huge growth in competition in the UK has lead to a massive influx in pollution over the UK from sea freight transport to international air transport, this long distance travelling leads to pollution being spread all over the UK and the ever rising scale of household and industrial waste leads to an enormous external costs. The likes of Tesco and ASDA which freight and ship a variety of food products and cheap electrical goods has meant that the customer has benefited the most from cheaper costs however this has had a detrimental affect on the environment, with broccoli from Japan, oranges from Florida and lamb from New-Zealand this is meant that these companies are racking up huge amounts of travelling which leads to a massive increase of carbon footprint. To conclude this quote sums up my views of globalization in the UK: â€Å"The things that Britain has always had a comparative advantage in selling to the world — financial services, scientific research, education, entertainment and so on — are rising in price. Because of this shift in relative prices, the British people have effectively enjoyed a large pay increase without having to work any harder†

A Case Study on Domestic Violence Against Women

By default, women are on the same level as men—point for point, ability and talent, capacity and potential. However, the physical qualities of women often put them on a lower rung, owing to biological factors such as reproduction that make women’s bodies relatively smaller and less strong. This gap is where the concept of domestic violence operates, particularly the act committed by a man against his female partner.Many women are known to be partial to keeping domestic violence a secret, because they are usually of low self-image and are under constant depression. A battered woman is the result of domestic violence, which happens when an individual in a marriage or intimate relationship attempts to control and dominate the other (Davies, et al, 2007). On the outset, there are no perceived differences between a regular woman, and one who is a victim of domestic violence; both, specially those who engage in various social circles, always put their best foot forward, as a rule.However, the â€Å"healthy† woman remains to be a productive, functioning member of the society where she belongs, in full control of her capabilities; while the â€Å"battered† woman exhibits signs of lack of emotional control, eating disorders, and symptoms of alcohol abuse. A woman undergoing domestic violence becomes a battered woman through an escalation of three different stages: tension-building, explosion, and calm. The cycle of abuse and battery coincides with the woman’s psyche, since the last phase, also known as the honeymoon stage, positively reinforces whatever concerns she may have against her partner (Rubenstein, 2004).Hence, a specific term was coined to refer to the pattern of symptomatic behavioral and psychological qualities apparent in women part of violent relationships. Commonly, four characteristics define what is known as the â€Å"battered woman’s syndrome†: She believes she caused the violence to happen. She is incap able of crediting the violence committed to someone other than herself. She often fears for her and her children’s lives and safety. She believes that her abuser can do and see anything and everything (Walker, 1984). II. Shelters for Battered WomenFollowing the confirmation of conditions defining domestic violence and battery, women victims may seek protection in numerous battered women’s shelters across the United States. All of them are equipped with 24-hour hotlines, and commit to confidentiality. Three requirements are to be adhered to: (1) the woman must be ready and willing to leave her home to protect herself and her children from more abuse, (2) the woman should strictly follow the shelter’s confidentiality rules to ensure the safety of other resident, and (3) the woman does not require a restraining order to be accepted in the shelter (CRII, 2001-2008).III. National Coalition Against Domestic Violence Collectively, the NCADV aims to promote goals and mi ndsets in persons and communities who believe in ending cycles of violence and abuse. It declares that violence against women comes from the ambition to maintain control as well as abuse of power, and its mission is to implement rules that will ensure change to eliminate causes of violence and battery.The NCADV is made up of people who genuinely care about the plight of battered women and their families in the city and countryside, regardless of ethnicity, socio-economic class, or religion. Today, the NCADV is responsible for over 2,000 shelters for women and service programs (NCADV, 2005). References Rubenstein, Lori S. (2004). â€Å"Battered Woman’s Syndrome†. Divorce Net. website, accessed on 18 August 2008 at http://www. divorcenet. com/states/oregon/or_art02 Davies, Pat, et al. (2007). â€Å"Domestic Violence and Abuse†. Helpguide. org website,accessed on 18 August 2008 at http://www. helpguide. org/mental/domestic_violence_abuse_types_signs_causes_effects. htm National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (2005). â€Å"Mission Statement and Purpose†. NCADV website, accessed on 18 August 2008 at http://www. ncadv. org/aboutus. php Community Resources Information, Inc. (2001-2008). â€Å"What are shelters for battered women? † CRII website, accessed on 18 August 2008 at http://www. massresources. org/pages. cfm? ContentID=23&pageID=2&Subpages='yes'&SecondLevelDynamicID=761&DynamicID=469